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| Classification of Hydrocarbons |
Classification of Hydrocarbons
The hydrocarbons are classified into the open chain or acyclic chain and
the closed chain or cyclic chain and these are further divided into different
parts.
Open chain or acyclic chain
those
chain of alkanes where the ends of carbon atoms are joined with each other is
called open chain or acyclic chain. This chain grows in two direction without
cycle formation. All the carbons in this chain is primary carbon which is
directly attached to one another.
Types of open chain
There are two
types of open chain.
Straight chain
those chain of alkanes where carbon
atom link with each other through single, double or triple bond and forming
straight chain is called straight chain hydrocarbons. This chain also grows in
two direction but all the atoms of this chain is primary or secondary.
Branched chain
those chain of alkanes which form
branch chain along the straight chain or the main chain are called branched
chain. In this chain at least one carbon atom must be bonded with three other
carbon atoms. And all the carbon in this chain are tertiary or quaternary. On
the basis of valency the open chain s further divided into two more types.
Saturated hydrocarbons
those hydrocarbons where all the
valancies are satisfied by single covalent bond and has no capacity to add
further atom is called saturated hydrocarbons. Such as all alkanes.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
those
hydrocarbons where all the valancies are satisfied by double or triple covalent
bond and has capacity to add further atom is called unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Such as all alkenes and alkynes.
Closed chain or cyclic hydrocarbons
those
hydrocarbons where the ends of carbons atoms are joined with each other and
forming along rings is called closed chain or cyclic hydrocarbons. In this
chain compounds having close structure and carbons grows in regular manner and
forming a rings.
Types of closed chain
There are two
types
Alicyclic hydrocarbons
those chain of hydrocarbons which do
not have any benzene ring in their structure is called alicyclic hydrocarbons.
It is also called non-benzenoid compounds. Such as cyclobutane, cyclopropane
etc.
Aromatic compounds
the word aromatic derived from Greek word aroma which means smell
thus it is defined as those chain of hydrocarbons which have any benzene ring
in their structure is called aromatic hydrocarbons. It is also called benzenoid
compounds. Such as benzene itself, naphthalene and anthracene etc.
Characteristic of aromatic compounds
it is as follow
It
contain conjugate (alternate) double bonds although it is unsaturated but don’t
react like aliphatic unsaturated compounds.
In
cheery odur is produced by aromatic compounds. I-e benzaldehyde.
Most
of the organic compounds have specific smell due to aromatic compounds.
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