Structure of Water Molecules

Structure of Water Molecules

Structure of water

  The water molecules are tri – atomic  where chemical formula of water shows that it is composed of two type atoms. That is two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen. These atoms are liked with each other with an angle of 104.45° between H – O – H atoms the bond distance b/w O – H is 0.9584 A°. 
The pure water boils at 100°C and freeze and melt at O°C.
As we know that the oxygen is most electronegative and hydrogen is less electronegative and oxygen is having 6 six electrons and will make covalent bond with two hydrogen bond and will complete is outer most shell. but when two electrons of oxygen makes the bond with two hydrogen atom then the four electrons of oxygen will remain and will become two lone pair of electrons. and these two lone pair of electrons will cause repulsion and will repel each other due to which the water molecule bend with an angle of 109.5 degree between H – O – H atoms.

Water as a solvent

water is a universal (excellent) solvent which dissolves many organic and inorganic compounds. This is because of high solubility rate of water due to its polar nature. Oxygen has higher electronegativity that’s why it will attract the shared pair of electrons more strongly from hydrogen and will get a partial positive charge. On the other hand hydrogen will get partial positive charge while dissolving a substance (solute) the positive part of solute is surrounded by negative pole of water. That is O ^{– s}  and negative part of the solute is surrounded by positive pole of water that is H ^{+ s}. In this way solute dissolve in water where this process is termed as a solvolysis or solvation.