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| Manufacture Sodium Metal from fused NaCl |
Manufacture Sodium Metal from fused NaCl
On industrial scale sodium metal is
obtained from fused NaCl by the electrolysis in the Down’s cell.
Construction
Down’s cell
is an electrolytic furnace. In the center of Down’s cell there is large
graphite anode while cathode is its both opposite side.
Working
When electric current is
passed through molten Nacl electrolysis starts. The positive ions move toward
cathode and negative ion moves toward anode. And following reactions take
place.
Reaction at
cathod
Na+1 + 1e •••► Na (L)
Reaction
at anode
Cl –1 •••► Cl + 1e
Cl + Cl •••► Cl2
Electrolytes
The
chemical substance which conduct electricity in molten state or in aqueous
solution is called electrolytes.
Explanation
The electrolytes conduct
electricity because it contain electrons and this carry ions and result as
electricity. Such as solution of salts, bases and acids.
Types of electrolyte
There are two types of electrolytes
- Strong electrolytes
- Weak electrolytes
Strong Electrolytes
Those electrolytes which
ionizes completely in their aqueous solution is called strong electrolytes.
Such as solution of NaCl, HCl etc.
Weak Electrolytes
Those electrolytes which do not ionize
completely and ionize to some extent is called weak electrolytes. Such as
Acetic acid and lime water etc.
Non-electrolytes
The
chemical substance which do not conduct electricity in molten state or in
aqueous solution is called non electrolytes. Such as sugar solution and
benzene.
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