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16 January 2015

Electrochemical cell and its types

Electrolytic cell
Electrochemical cell

Electrochemical cell and its types

Electrochemical cell

 The device in which chemical energy is converted into electrical energy is called electrochemical cell.
Explanation: in electrochemical cell two electrodes are dipped in water that is electrolyte and current is produced by redox reactions.

Types of electrochemical cell

There are two types of electrochemical cell
  • Electrolytic cell
  • Galvanic cell

Electrolytic Cell

Electrolytic Cell
 The type of electrochemical cell in which non spontaneous chemical reaction takes place when electric current is passed through the solution is called electrolytic cell.

Construction: An electrolytic cell consists of a solution of electrolyte containing two electrodes dipped in it and also attached a source of current that is battery.

Working: In an electrolytic cell when electricity is passed through the ions in a solution. The positive ions moved toward negatively charged cathode where it take electrons and
Became reduced to form neutral atoms. The negativity ions move towards positively charged anode where it lose or give electrons and became oxidize to form through fused sodium chloride and following reactions take place.

                  NaCl         •••►          Na+1       +        Cl–1 

Oxidation at anode

                 2Cl+2         •••►            Cl2           +         2e

Reduction at cathode

                 2Na+1        •••►           Na2

Uses of Electrolytic cell

It is use in
  1. Ion refining and purifying process
  2. In electroplating process as well.




Galvanic Cell or Voltaic cell or Daniel cell

Galvanic Cell
 The type of electrochemical cell in which spontaneous chemical reaction takes place and electric current is produced is called galvanic cell, voltaic cell or Daniel cell.

Construction
The Daniel cell which is the simple example of galvanic cell consists of two half cells. One half cell is zinc rod dipped in one molar ZnSOsolution and working as anode. The other half cell is Copper rod dipped in molar solution of CuSO4 and working as cathode. These two half cells are connected by U shaped salt bridge containing saturated solution of strong electrolytes. This u shaped salt bridge is sealed by porous material. The function of this salt bridge is to keep the solution of both cells neutral by providing the path of for migration of ions.

Working
 When both cells are connected by metal wire that is volt meter. The cell starts producing electric current. AS Zinc loses electrons more easily that copper therefore zinc undergoes oxidation to form zinc ion by loss of electrons and go to ZnSO4 ­solution. These electrons of zinc traveled through wire to copper electrode. These electrons are accepts by copper and copper ion undergoes reduction and become stable atom. In this solution zinc electrode dissolves in the solution and reducing in size to transferring of electron to copper electrode and copper electrode grew in size. During this process following reaction takes place.

Oxidation
                                   Zn   •••►    Zn+2     +    2e

Reduction
                                 Cu+2      +    2e    •••►       Cu



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